Poker Equations

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In the standard game of poker, each player gets5 cards and places a bet, hoping his cards are 'better'than the other players' hands.

THE MATHEMATICS OF POKER 2 Other ConJelCo titles: Cooke's Rules of Real Poker by Roy Cooke and John Bond Hold'em Excellence by Lou Krieger How to Play Like a Poker Pro by Roy Cooke and John Bond. Willing to slog through equations and complain about the altogether too frequent skipped steps. Poker Mathematics. Poker is a game of skill and using the ability to read situations and opponents to give you the advantage in each hand you play. It is also a game of mathematics, where you should be able to calculate the odds of either you or your opponent winning the hand in any situation. The articles in the following table are the most.

The game is played with a pack containing 52 cards in 4 suits, consisting of:

13 hearts:
13 diamonds
13 clubs:
13 spades:

♥ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K A
♦ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K A
♣ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K A
♠ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K A

The number of different possible poker hands is found by counting the number of ways that 5 cards can be selected from 52 cards, where the order is not important. It is a combination, so we use `C_r^n`.

The number of possible poker hands

`=C_5^52=(52!)/(5!xx47!)=2,598,960`.

Royal Flush

The best hand (because of the low probability that it will occur) is the royal flush, which consists of 10, J, Q, K, A of the same suit. There are only 4 ways of getting such a hand (because there are 4 suits), so the probability of being dealt a royal flush is

`4/(2,598,960)=0.000 001 539`

Straight Flush

The next most valuable type of hand is a straight flush, which is 5 cards in order, all of the same suit.

For example, 2♣, 3♣, 4♣, 5♣, 6♣ is a straight flush.

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For each suit there are 10 such straights (the one starting with Ace, the one starting with 2, the one starting with 3, ... through to the one starting at 10) and there are 4 suits, so there are 40 possible straight flushes.

The probability of being dealt a straight flush is

`40/(2,598,960)=0.000 015 39`

[Note: There is some overlap here since the straight flush starting at 10 is the same as the royal flush. So strictly there are 36 straight flushes (4 × 9) if we don't count the royal flush. The probability of getting a straight flush then is 36/2,598,960 = 0.00001385.]

The table below lists the number ofpossible ways that different types of hands can arise and theirprobability of occurrence.

Ranking, Frequency and Probability of Poker Hands

Question

The probability for a full house is given above as 0.001441. Where does this come from?

Answer

Explanation 1:

Probability of 3 cards having the same denomination: `4/52 xx 3/51 xx 2/50 xx 13 = 1/425`.

(There are 13 ways we can get 3 of a kind).

The probability that the next 2 cards are a pair: `4/49 xx 3/48 xx 12 = 3/49`

(There are 12 ways we can get a pair, once we have already got our 3 of a kind).

The number of ways of getting a particular sequence of 5 cards where there are 3 of one kind and 2 of another kind is:

`(5!)/(3!xx2!)=10`

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So the probability of a full house is

`1/425 xx 3/49 xx 10 ` `= 6/(4,165)` `=0.001 440 6`

Explanation 2:

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Number of ways of getting a full house:

`(C(13,1)xxC(4,3))` `xx(C(12,1)xxC(4,2))`

`=(13!)/(1!xx12!)` `xx(4!)/(3!xx1!)` `xx(12!)/(1!xx11!)` `xx(4!)/(2!xx2!)`

`=3744`

Number of possible poker hands

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`=C(52,5)` `=(52!)/(47!xx5!)` `=2,598,960`

So the probability of a full house is given by:

`P('full house')`

`='ways of getting full house'/'possible poker hands'`

`= (3,744)/(2,598,960)`

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`=0.001 441`